Biomolecules 4.1.1
What are the four organic biomolecules?
-lipids
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-nucleic acids
- What are several examples of each category of organic biomolecules?
- lipids- fats, steroids, and waxes
- carbohydrates- vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and fruits
- proteins- meat, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts, and seeds
- nucleic acids- DNA & RNA
- What is the structure and function of the four organic molecules?
- lipids- have long hydrocarbon chains and they store energy
- carbohydrates- have chain and ring forms and they are used as energy/fuel
- proteins- are three denominational chains of amino acids that are used for structure
- nucleic acids- have the shape of a double helix and they store genetic energy
Enzymes 4.1.3
What is an enzyme?
an enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
How do enzymes work?
enzymes work to speed up chemical reactions and they break down large molecules, they are essential to life and in the human body, they work in places like in digestion and metabolism
What factors inhibit enzyme action?
-competitive inhibition, which is when molecules similar to the substrate molecules bind to the active site, preventing binding
-non-competitive inhibition- which is when an inhibitor binds at another place than the site with an enzyme
an enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
How do enzymes work?
enzymes work to speed up chemical reactions and they break down large molecules, they are essential to life and in the human body, they work in places like in digestion and metabolism
What factors inhibit enzyme action?
-competitive inhibition, which is when molecules similar to the substrate molecules bind to the active site, preventing binding
-non-competitive inhibition- which is when an inhibitor binds at another place than the site with an enzyme
Cells 1.1.3
How does a single cell-the fertilized egg-give rise to a complex, multicellular organism?
processes by which a fertilized egg divides, forms a ball of cells, develops a cavity (blastocyst stage), forms the three primary germ layers of cells that will ultimately give rise to all the cell types of the body (gastrula stage) (answer from http://stemcells.nih.gov)
How does cellular differentiation occur in eukaryotic cells?
there are several different types of eukaryotic cells which are distinctively different like animal(no cell wall) and plant cells (cell wall)
What role do stem cells play in cell differentiation?
In cell differentiation stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells.
How do chemical signals control cellular activities?
Chemical Signals are used as communication between cells and can activate cells and gives them a specific job.
processes by which a fertilized egg divides, forms a ball of cells, develops a cavity (blastocyst stage), forms the three primary germ layers of cells that will ultimately give rise to all the cell types of the body (gastrula stage) (answer from http://stemcells.nih.gov)
How does cellular differentiation occur in eukaryotic cells?
there are several different types of eukaryotic cells which are distinctively different like animal(no cell wall) and plant cells (cell wall)
What role do stem cells play in cell differentiation?
In cell differentiation stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells.
How do chemical signals control cellular activities?
Chemical Signals are used as communication between cells and can activate cells and gives them a specific job.
Homeostasis 1.2.1
What is the role of the plasma membrane in maintaining homeostasis?
The plasma membrane works as a barrier that prevents the passage of water and ions and allows a higher concentration outside of the cell.
How does the cell maintain homeostasis through the regulation of temperature, Hp, blood, glucose levels, and water balance?
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of temperature by letting out heat when the temperature is above 98.6 and when the temperature is under the body creates it own heat.
- A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of Hp by the lungs and kidneys which regulates the acids and bases.
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of blood by giving signals when the levels are too low or high.
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of glucose by the pancreas releasing a hormone called insulin to raise glucose when it is too high and when the levels are too low the liver converts glycogen back to glucose.
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of water balance by sending signals to either conserve water when levels are too low and release water when the levels are too high.
How do solutions of different concentrations affect changes in osmotic pressure?
When a solution has a higher the minimum pressure is increased and when a solution has a lower concentration the minimum pressure is decreased.
The plasma membrane works as a barrier that prevents the passage of water and ions and allows a higher concentration outside of the cell.
How does the cell maintain homeostasis through the regulation of temperature, Hp, blood, glucose levels, and water balance?
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of temperature by letting out heat when the temperature is above 98.6 and when the temperature is under the body creates it own heat.
- A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of Hp by the lungs and kidneys which regulates the acids and bases.
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of blood by giving signals when the levels are too low or high.
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of glucose by the pancreas releasing a hormone called insulin to raise glucose when it is too high and when the levels are too low the liver converts glycogen back to glucose.
-A cell maintains homeostasis through the regulation of water balance by sending signals to either conserve water when levels are too low and release water when the levels are too high.
How do solutions of different concentrations affect changes in osmotic pressure?
When a solution has a higher the minimum pressure is increased and when a solution has a lower concentration the minimum pressure is decreased.
Cell Cycle & Mitosis 1.2.2
How are the different stages of the cell cycle distinguished?
the different stages of the cell cycle are distinguished by a set of phases, resting stage, interphase, and cell division.
What is the outcome of mitosis?
Osmosis is when a cell splits into two identical cells each with their own nucleus, so the out come is two identical cells.
the different stages of the cell cycle are distinguished by a set of phases, resting stage, interphase, and cell division.
What is the outcome of mitosis?
Osmosis is when a cell splits into two identical cells each with their own nucleus, so the out come is two identical cells.